Chú thích Quân đội nhà Minh

  1. ↑ David M. Robinson; Dora C. Y. Ching; Chu Hung-Iam; Scarlett Jang; Joseph S. C. Lam; Julia K. Murray; Kenneth M. Swope (2008). “8”. Culture, Courtiers, and Competition: The Ming Court (1368–1644) (PDF). Harvard East Asian Monographs. tr. 395. ISBN 0674028236. Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 6 tháng 10 năm 2016. Truy cập ngày 26 tháng 4 năm 2019. 
  2. ↑ https://www.sav.sk/journals/uploads/040214374_Slobodn%C3%ADk.pdf p 166.
  3. ↑ Michael E. Haskew; Christer Joregensen (ngày 9 tháng 12 năm 2008). Fighting Techniques of the Oriental World: Equipment, Combat Skills, and Tactics. St. Martin's Press. tr. 101–. ISBN 978-0-312-38696-2. 
  4. ↑ Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (ngày 26 tháng 2 năm 1988). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644. Cambridge University Press. tr. 122–. ISBN 978-0-521-24332-2. 
  5. ↑ Stephen Selby (ngày 1 tháng 1 năm 2000). Chinese Archery. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-962-209-501-4. 
  6. ↑ Edward L. Farmer (1995). Zhu Yuanzhang and Early Ming Legislation: The Reordering of Chinese Society Following the Era of Mongol Rule. BRILL. tr. 59–. ISBN 90-04-10391-0. 
  7. ↑ Sarah Schneewind (2006). Community Schools and the State in Ming China. Stanford University Press. tr. 54–. ISBN 978-0-8047-5174-2. 
  8. ↑ http://www.san.beck.org/3-7-MingEmpire.html
  9. ↑ “Archived copy”. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 12 tháng 10 năm 2015. Truy cập ngày 17 tháng 12 năm 2010. 
  10. ↑ Lo Jung-pang (ngày 1 tháng 1 năm 2012). China as a Sea Power, 1127-1368: A Preliminary Survey of the Maritime Expansion and Naval Exploits of the Chinese People During the Southern Song and Yuan Periods. NUS Press. tr. 103–. ISBN 978-9971-69-505-7. 
  11. 1 2 3 FREDERIC WAKEMAN JR. (1985). The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China. University of California Press. tr. 25–30. ISBN 978-0-520-04804-1. 
  12. 1 2 3 Swope 2009, tr. 19.
  13. ↑ Michael Szonyi, The Art of Being Governed: Everyday Politics in Late Imperial China (Princeton University Press, 2017), pp. 28.
  14. ↑ Michael Szonyi, The Art of Being Governed: Everyday Politics in Late Imperial China (Princeton University Press, 2017), pp. 2.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Michael Szonyi, The Art of Being Governed: Everyday Politics in Late Imperial China (Princeton University Press, 2017), pp. 35-36.
  16. 1 2 Swope 2009, tr. 21.
  17. ↑ Swope 2009, tr. 19-20 Xem: a, b
  18. ↑ David M. Robinson “Military Labor in China, c. 1500.” Fighting for a Living: A Comparative Study of Military Labour 1500-2000, edited by Erik-Jan Zürcher, (Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2013), pp. 44–45.
  19. ↑ David M. Robinson “Military Labor in China, c. 1500.” Fighting for a Living: A Comparative Study of Military Labour 1500-2000, edited by Erik-Jan Zürcher, (Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2013), pp. 46.
  20. ↑ Ray Huang “Military Expenditures in Sixteenth Century Ming China.” Oriens Extremus, vol. 17, no. 1/2, (1970):39-62 pp. 43.
  21. ↑ David M. Robinson “Military Labor in China, c. 1500.” Fighting for a Living: A Comparative Study of Military Labour 1500-2000, edited by Erik-Jan Zürcher, (Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2013), pp. 58-59.
  22. ↑ Michael Szonyi, The Art of Being Governed: Everyday Politics in Late Imperial China (Princeton University Press, 2017), pp 83.
  23. ↑ David M. Robinson “Military Labor in China, c. 1500.” Fighting for a Living: A Comparative Study of Military Labour 1500-2000, edited by Erik-Jan Zürcher, (Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2013), pp. 45.
  24. ↑ Michael Szonyi, The Art of Being Governed: Everyday Politics in Late Imperial China (Princeton University Press, 2017), pp. 26-27.
  25. ↑ Michael Szonyi, The Art of Being Governed: Everyday Politics in Late Imperial China (Princeton University Press, 2017), pp. 64-65.
  26. ↑ Michael Szonyi, The Art of Being Governed: Everyday Politics in Late Imperial China (Princeton University Press, 2017), pp. 68.
  27. ↑ Thomas G. Nimick, “Ch’i Chi-kuang (Qi Jiguang) and I-Wu County.” Ming Studies 34 (1995): 17-29, pp. 24.
  28. ↑ Thomas G. Nimick, “Ch’i Chi-kuang (Qi Jiguang) and I-Wu County.” Ming Studies 34 (1995): 17-29, pp. 25.
  29. 1 2 Sim 2017, tr. 234.
  30. 1 2 3 Sim 2017, tr. 236.
  31. ↑ Lorge 2011, tr. 171.
  32. 1 2 Jung-pang, Lo (2013). China as a Sea Power, 1127-1368. Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. tr. 17–18. ISBN 978-9971-69-505-7. 
  33. ↑ Jung-pang, Lo (2013). China as a Sea Power, 1127-1368. Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. tr. 331–332. ISBN 978-9971-69-505-7. 
  34. ↑ Papelitzky 2017, tr. 130.
  35. ↑ Papelitzky 2017, tr. 132.
  36. ↑ David M. Robinson “Military Labor in China, c. 1500.” Fighting for a Living: A Comparative Study of Military Labour 1500-2000, edited by Erik-Jan Zürcher, (Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2013), pp. 54-55.
  37. 1 2 3 Lorge 2011, tr. 167.
  38. 1 2 FREDERIC WAKEMAN JR. (1985). The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China. University of California Press. tr. 37–39. ISBN 978-0-520-04804-1. 
  39. ↑ Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (ngày 26 tháng 2 năm 1988). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644. Cambridge University Press. tr. 131–133,139,175. ISBN 978-0-521-24332-2. 
  40. ↑ Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (ngày 26 tháng 2 năm 1988). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644. Cambridge University Press. tr. 161–162,170. ISBN 978-0-521-24332-2. 
  41. ↑ Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (ngày 26 tháng 2 năm 1988). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644. Cambridge University Press. tr. 176-177. ISBN 978-0-521-24332-2. 
  42. ↑ Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (ngày 26 tháng 2 năm 1988). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644. Cambridge University Press. tr. 192–193, 206–208, 245. ISBN 978-0-521-24332-2. 
  43. ↑ David M. Robinson “Military Labor in China, c. 1500.” Fighting for a Living: A Comparative Study of Military Labour 1500-2000, edited by Erik-Jan Zürcher, (Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2013), pp. 47.
  44. ↑ David M. Robinson “Military Labor in China, c. 1500.” Fighting for a Living: A Comparative Study of Military Labour 1500-2000, edited by Erik-Jan Zürcher, (Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2013), pp. 48.
  45. ↑ Peers, C.J. Soldiers of the Dragon. New York: Osprey. tr. 199–203. ISBN 1-84603-098-6. 
  46. ↑ Dorothy Perkins (ngày 19 tháng 11 năm 2013). Encyclopedia of China: History and Culture. Routledge. tr. 216–. ISBN 978-1-135-93562-7. 
  47. ↑ Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (ngày 26 tháng 2 năm 1988). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644. Cambridge University Press. tr. 399–. ISBN 978-0-521-24332-2. 
  48. 1 2 David M. Robinson “Military Labor in China, c. 1500.” Fighting for a Living: A Comparative Study of Military Labour 1500-2000, edited by Erik-Jan Zürcher, (Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2013), pp. 55–56.
  49. ↑ Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (ngày 26 tháng 2 năm 1988). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644. Cambridge University Press. tr. 379–. ISBN 978-0-521-24332-2. 
  50. ↑ Swope 2009, tr. 25.
  51. ↑ Robinson, David M. (tháng 6 năm 2004). “Images of Subject Mongols Under the Ming Dynasty”. Late Imperial China (Johns Hopkins University Press) 25 (1): 102. ISSN 1086-3257. doi:10.1353/late.2004.0010. Late during the Eastern Han (25-220 C.E.), surrendering barbarians were settled in the hinterlands [of China]. In time, they learned to study and grew conversant with [matters of the] past and present. As a result, during the Jin dynasty (265-419), there occurred the Revolt of the Five Barbarian [Tribes](late in the third and early in the fourth centuries C.E.).184 During our dynasty, surrendering barbarians were relocated to the hinterlands in great numbers. Because [the court] was generous in its stipends and awards, [the Mongols are content to] merely amuse themselves with archery and hunting. The brave185 among them gain recognition through [service in] the military. [They] serve as assistant regional commanders and regional vice commanders. Although they do not hold the seals of command, they may serve as senior officers. Some among those who receive investiture in the nobility of merit may occasionally hold the seals of command. However [because the court] places heavy emphasis on maintaining centralized control of the armies, [the Mongols] do not dare commit misdeeds. As a consequence, during the Tumu Incident, while there was unrest everywhere, it still did not amount to a major revolt. Additionally, [the Mongols] were relocated to Guangdong and Guangxi on military campaign. Thus, for more than 200 years, we have had peace throughout the realm. The dynastic forefathers' policies are the product of successive generations of guarding against the unexpected. [Our policies] are more thorough than those of the Han. The foundations of merit surpass the Sima family (founders of the Eastern Jin) ten thousand fold. In a word, one cannot generalize [about the policies towards surrendering barbarians].186 
  52. ↑ Swope 2009, tr. 22.
  53. ↑ Andrade 2016, tr. 178-179.
  54. ↑ Hawley 2005, tr. 304.
  55. ↑ Swope 2009, tr. 341.
  56. ↑ Swope 2014, tr. 100.
  57. ↑ http://ir.lis.nsysu.edu.tw:8080/bitstream/987654321/28533/1/%E5%8F%B0%E7%B2%B5%E5%85%A9%E5%9C%B0%E8%BB%8D%E8%A9%B1%E7%9A%84%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6.pdf
  58. ↑ Lorge 2011, tr. 181.
  59. ↑ Lorge 2011, tr. 177.
  60. ↑ Lorge 2011, tr. 180.
  61. ↑ Zhan Ma Dao (斬馬刀) 
  62. ↑ Peers 2006, tr. 203-204.
  63. ↑ Phillips, Gervase (1999). “Longbow and Hackbutt: Weapons Technology and Technology Transfer in Early Modern England”. Technology and Culture 40 (3): 576–593. JSTOR 25147360. 
  64. ↑ Andrade, Tonio (2016). The Gunpowder Age China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History. Princeton University Press. tr. 158, 159, 173. ISBN 9781400874446. 
  65. ↑ Peers 2006, tr. 208.
  66. 1 2 Peers 2006, tr. 185.
  67. ↑ “"Plate" armour of the Ming Dynasty”. Truy cập ngày 7 tháng 7 năm 2018. 
  68. ↑ Swope 2009, tr. 248.
  69. ↑ Coyet 1975, tr. 51.
  70. ↑ Wood 1830, tr. 159.
  71. ↑ Mesny 1896, tr. 334.
  72. ↑ Peers 2006, tr. 184.

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